| Problem Framing & KPIs | ChatGPT, Notion, FigJam | Translate business pain into objectives, constraints, and measurable KPIs. | Sets a solvable optimization scope. |
| Optimization Modeling | Python (PuLP/cvxpy), Gurobi, ChatGPT | Formulate LP/MIP/Network models; define constraints; interpret duals/sensitivity. | Turns operations into solvable math. |
| Simulation | SimPy, AnyLogic, ChatGPT | Build discrete-event simulations; analyze queueing, variability, and throughput. | Captures dynamics beyond static models. |
| Forecast & Demand | Prophet, scikit-learn, Power BI, ChatGPT | Generate forecasts with intervals; quantify error & bias. | Feeds optimization with realistic inputs. |
| Scenario & Sensitivity | Python, Excel, ChatGPT | Run what-ifs; produce tornado charts and risk heatmaps. | Guides robust decisions under uncertainty. |
| Data Pipeline & Quality | dbt, SQL, Power BI, ChatGPT | Build clean datasets; document lineage and tests. | Makes analyses repeatable and trusted. |
| Decision Support & Storytelling | Power BI, Slides/Canva, ChatGPT | Publish dashboards; craft exec summaries with trade-offs & recommendations. | Drives adoption by stakeholders. |
| Ethics & Governance | OneTrust, ChatGPT | Record assumptions, fairness checks, and limits of models. | Prevents misuse and overconfidence. |